The Anatomy and Physiology section is dedicated to the systematic study of the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the human organism, with an integrated approach that connects the morphology of organs to the dynamic processes that regulate their activity.
Anatomy is approached at its different levels:
Physiology instead analyses:
Through a combined study of structure and function, this section provides an essential basis for understanding pathophysiology, clinical medicine and science applied to human health, promoting an integrated view of the organism as a complex system.
The Golgi apparatus, the essential sorting and modification center of eukaryotic cells, named after its Italian discoverer Camillo Golgi. This article illustrates its complex structure, made up of stacks of membranous sacs called cisternae, and its connection to the endoplasmic reticulum.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective structure that protects the central nervous system (CNS) from potentially harmful substances in the blood. However, this same barrier represents a significant challenge for the treatment of many neurological diseases and brain…
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective structure that protects the central nervous system (CNS) from potentially harmful substances in the blood. However, this same barrier represents a significant challenge for the treatment of many neurological diseases and brain…
The term Amnios, derived from the Greek word meaning ‘bowl’, symbolizes one of the key components of mammalian embryogenesis.
The allantois is an essential structure in vertebrate development, playing a vital role in waste storage and gas exchange. It is a sac-like structure that forms as an outgrowth of the embryo’s digestive tract, and is a part of the…
Introduction Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays an essential role in maintaining sodium and potassium balance in the body. This steroid hormone is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a vital hormonal cascade involved in blood pressure…
Introduction Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones, with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH. This enzyme family plays a critical role in the metabolism…
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, is gaining attention in the fields of endocrinology and cardiology due to its crucial role in several physiologic and pathologic processes. Herein, we will delve into what adiponectin is, its functions, its role in diseases,…
Introduction Adipocytes, also known as fat cells, play a crucial role in energy homeostasis and metabolic function in the human body. They are largely categorized into two types – white adipocytes and brown adipocytes, each with its unique functions and…
Introduction Adenylate Cyclase (AC) is a crucial enzyme that plays a significant role in the intricate network of cellular communication. It is responsible for converting adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s primary energy source, into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This transformation…
