The Cell section focuses on the study of the fundamental structural and functional unit of life . Cellular analysis constitutes the theoretical and experimental core of modern biological sciences, since all vital processes emerge from the organization and functioning of cells.
Topics covered include:
Cell types : structural and functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic , animal and plant cells;
Cell structure : description and function of organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane);
Cellular communication : membrane receptors, signal transduction, second messengers, cellular responses;
Intracellular traffic and membrane transport : diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis;
Cell division : cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, molecular checkpoints and regulation;
Molecular biology of the cell : gene expression, DNA replication, transcription, translation, epigenetics;
Cellular metabolism : catabolic and anabolic pathways, bioenergetics, ATP production;
Differentiation, cell death and renewal : stem cells, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy.
Understanding cellular processes is crucial to interpret the physiology of complex organisms, to study the molecular basis of diseases and to develop innovative therapeutic approaches in genetics, oncology and regeneration.
The Golgi apparatus, the essential sorting and modification center of eukaryotic cells, named after its Italian discoverer Camillo Golgi. This article illustrates its complex structure, made up of stacks of membranous sacs called cisternae, and its connection to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Introduction Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, plays a critical role in maintaining biological homeostasis. It is a tightly regulated process that eliminates unnecessary or damaged cells, thereby facilitating tissue development, immune responses, and the prevention of disease states…
Introduction Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), often referred to as the ‘energetic currency of life’, is a critical organic molecule present in all forms of life. This molecule plays a vital role in various biological processes, such as chemical synthesis, mechanical work,…
